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Comprehensive Guide to Wastewater Terms: OSSM, HSTP, AWTS, Advanced STS, AWWS, and Advanced Membrane Bio-Reactor

Wastewater management is critical to residential, commercial, and industrial infrastructure, especially in areas not connected to a municipal sewer system.

The jargon surrounding wastewater systems can be confusing, with various terms and acronyms often used interchangeably. Understanding these terms is crucial for anyone involved in wastewater treatment, whether you’re a homeowner considering options for on-site wastewater management, a builder planning new construction, or a property developer looking to ensure regulatory compliance.

In this guide, we’ll break down key wastewater terms, including OSSM, HSTP, AWTS, Advanced STS, AWWS, and Advanced Membrane Bio-Reactor, to help you navigate the complexities of wastewater treatment.

1. On-Site Sewage Management (OSSM)

Definition: On-Site Sewage Management (OSSM) refers to the process of treating and disposing of sewage at the location where it is generated, typically on the same property. This system is essential for properties not connected to a centralised sewer network, such as rural homes, farms, or remote commercial sites.

Key Components:

Septic Tanks: Traditionally, septic tanks are used in OSSM systems to treat wastewater by separating solids from liquids. The liquids (effluent) are then dispersed into a drain field where natural processes further treat the wastewater.
Absorption Trenches or Evapotranspiration Beds: These are common methods for dispersing treated effluent into the soil where further purification occurs.

Considerations: OSSM systems require regular maintenance and inspections to ensure they function effectively and comply with local health and environmental regulations.

2. Household Sewage Treatment Plant (HSTP)

Definition: A Household Sewage Treatment Plant (HSTP) is a more sophisticated on-site wastewater treatment system designed for individual homes. HSTPs treat all household wastewater, including greywater (from sinks, showers, etc.) and blackwater (from toilets), to a level where it can be safely reused for irrigation or released into the environment.

Key Components:

Primary Treatment: This typically involves the separation of solids from liquids, similar to a septic tank.
Secondary Treatment: In this stage, biological processes break down organic matter in the effluent, often using aerobic (oxygen-requiring) bacteria.
Disinfection: Many HSTPs include a disinfection step, usually with chlorine or UV light, to eliminate pathogens before the treated water is released.

Advantages: HSTPs are highly effective in treating household wastewater and can significantly reduce the environmental impact of sewage disposal, especially in environmentally sensitive areas.

Additional Reading: Home Sewage Treatment Plant (HSTP), What Are They?

3. Aerated Water Waste Treatment Systems (AWTS)

Definition: An Aerated Water Waste Treatment System (AWTS) is an advanced form of on-site wastewater treatment that introduces air into the treatment process to promote the growth of aerobic bacteria. These bacteria are highly effective at breaking down organic matter, resulting in cleaner effluent that can be safely reused or discharged.

Key Components:

Aeration Chamber: This chamber introduces air into the wastewater to encourage aerobic bacteria to break down organic matter.
Settling Chamber: After aeration, the wastewater enters a settling chamber where any remaining solids can settle out.
Disinfection: Depending on the local regulations and the intended use of the treated water, the effluent may be disinfected before being released.

Benefits: AWTS systems are particularly effective in areas where soil conditions make traditional septic systems impractical. They are also suitable for properties with high water tables or where a high level of effluent treatment is required.

Additional Reading: What Is An AWTS?

4. Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems (STS)

Definition: Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems (STS) are a step up from traditional secondary treatment processes. These systems use advanced technologies to further treat wastewater after the primary and secondary stages, often achieving a higher quality of effluent.

Key Components:

Advanced Filtration: This could include membrane bioreactors, sand filters, or other technologies that remove finer particles from the wastewater.
Nutrient Removal: Advanced STS systems may include processes to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, which are common pollutants in wastewater.
Enhanced Disinfection: Additional disinfection steps, such as advanced oxidation processes, can further reduce pathogens in the treated water.

Advantages: Advanced STS systems are ideal for environmentally sensitive areas where effluent must meet stringent quality standards before being released into the environment. They also allow for the reuse of treated water for various purposes, including irrigation, toilet flushing, or even potable water in some cases.

5. Advanced Wastewater Systems (AWWS)

Definition: Advanced Wastewater Systems (AWWS) are comprehensive systems that integrate various advanced technologies to treat and manage wastewater. These systems are designed to handle more complex wastewater streams and achieve a higher level of treatment compared to conventional systems.

Key Components:

Integrated Treatment Processes: AWWS often combines multiple treatment stages, including primary, secondary, and advanced treatments, to ensure the highest quality of effluent.
Customisation: AWWS can be tailored to meet specific needs, such as higher nutrient removal, enhanced disinfection, or the ability to handle variable wastewater loads.

Benefits: AWWS are particularly suited for properties with stringent environmental regulations or where high-quality effluent is required for reuse applications.

6. Advanced Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR)

Definition: An Advanced Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) is a cutting-edge wastewater treatment technology that combines biological treatment with membrane filtration. The MBR process results in a highly purified effluent, suitable for reuse in a variety of applications, including irrigation and potable water in some cases.

Key Components:

Biological Treatment: The MBR process starts with biological treatment, where aerobic bacteria break down organic matter in the wastewater.
Membrane Filtration: After biological treatment, the water passes through a membrane that filters out fine particles, pathogens, and other contaminants, resulting in high-quality effluent.
Compact Design: MBR systems are compact, making them suitable for properties with limited space.

Advantages: MBR systems are ideal for areas with strict effluent quality requirements, offering superior treatment compared to traditional systems. They are also suitable for properties aiming to reuse treated wastewater for non-potable or potable purposes.

7. Comparing Wastewater Treatment Options

When considering the best wastewater treatment option for your property, it’s essential to weigh the pros and cons of each system type. Here’s a brief comparison:

OSSM vs. HSTP: OSSM systems are more basic and may be suitable for rural properties with ample land. HSTPs offer more comprehensive treatment, making them better for properties where environmental impact is a concern.
AWTS vs. Septic Systems: AWTS systems provide a higher level of treatment than traditional septic systems, making them suitable for areas with poor soil conditions or where effluent reuse is desired.
Advanced STS vs. Basic Treatment Systems: Advanced STS systems offer the highest level of treatment, often required in sensitive environmental areas. However, they can be more expensive and require more maintenance.
Advanced STS vs. AWTS: Advanced STS systems generally provide a more thorough treatment than AWTS, making them ideal for locations where effluent quality is paramount. While AWTS systems are effective, Advanced STS can handle more complex wastewater requirements, but they may also involve higher costs and maintenance needs.
AWWS vs. MBR: AWWS systems offer customisable solutions for a wide range of wastewater treatment needs, while MBR systems provide one of the highest levels of treatment with compact design and potential for water reuse. Choosing between these depends on specific project requirements, such as effluent quality, space availability, and budget.

8. Why Choose a Garden Master Wastewater System?

At Garden Master, we specialise in providing cutting-edge wastewater treatment solutions that meet the unique needs of properties across New South Wales. Our systems are designed with durability, efficiency, and environmental sustainability in mind. Whether you need a basic OSSM system, an advanced STS, an AWWS, or an MBR, we have the expertise and technology to ensure your wastewater is treated effectively and safely.

Key Features of Garden Master Systems:

Tailored Solutions: We assess your property’s specific needs to design a system that provides optimal performance.
High-Quality Materials: Our systems are built to last, using the latest in wastewater treatment technology.
Compliance: All our systems meet or exceed Australian Standards and local regulations, giving you peace of mind.
Value: Deal with the manufacturer direct and save.

Conclusion

Understanding wastewater treatment terminology is essential for making informed decisions about managing sewage on your property. Whether you’re dealing with an existing system or planning a new installation, knowing the differences between OSSM, HSTP, AWTS, Advanced STS, AWWS, and Advanced Membrane Bio-Reactor systems will help you choose the right solution for your needs.

If you’re considering a wastewater treatment system for your property, contact Garden Master today. Our team of experts is here to help you navigate the options and ensure you get a system that meets your needs and complies with all relevant regulations.

For more information or to schedule a consultation, call us today.

Tips & Advice

Home Sewage Treatment Plant (HSTP), What Are They?

30 October 2023 mark

Guide: Home Sewage Treatment Plant (HSTP)

A Home Sewage Treatment Plant, also known as an HSTP or Onsite Sewage Management System, is a decentralised wastewater treatment system designed for residential homes, small communities or small commercial sites that are not connected to centralised sewer systems.

The primary purpose of an HSTP is to treat and purify domestic wastewater generated in a home or small community so that it can be safely discharged into the environment without causing harm.

Regulations for HSTPs can vary by location and local council requirements, so it’s essential to know your local guidelines and standards when installing or maintaining these systems.

The HSTP receives and treats all household wastewater from the following:

toilet
bathroom
kitchen
laundry

Septic Tank, AWTS, Advanced STS Wastewater Cycle

A Home Sewage Treatment Plant (HSTP) receives all wastewater (both greywater and blackwater) from the premises, including the kitchen, toilet, shower and laundry, and quietly and efficiently recycles all your household wastewater into clean, clear and odourless water suitable for irrigation in your garden and lawns.

This Is How A Typical HSTP Works:

Wastewater Collection: The HSTP collects all wastewater generated in the home, including water from toilets, sinks, showers, and laundry.
Primary Treatment: In the first stage of treatment, solid materials are separated from the liquid through sedimentation and filtration. This stage typically occurs in a septic tank, where solids settle to the bottom and are partially broken down by bacteria.
Secondary Treatment: The partially treated effluent from the septic tank is further treated in aeration or treatment chambers. Here, bacteria and microorganisms break down organic matter and pathogens in the wastewater. Some systems may use alternative methods like activated sludge or aerobic treatment.
Tertiary Treatment (Optional): In some cases, an additional treatment step may be required to improve the effluent quality further. This can involve processes like chlorination, UV disinfection, or constructed wetlands.
Effluent Discharge: After treatment, the treated wastewater (effluent) is safely discharged into the environment. The discharge method can vary, with some systems using absorption trenches, mounds, or subsurface irrigation to disperse the treated effluent into the ground.

Garden Master Advanced Secondary Treatment System cross section AWTS

HSTPs usually comprise multiple treatment stages, including primary settling, aeration, clarification, and disinfection, treating wastewater by breaking down organic matter and reducing harmful contaminants before the treated water is discharged into the environment or dispersed via subsurface irrigation.

Home Sewage Treatment Plant Pros & Cons

Home Sewage Treatment Plants (HSTPs) offer several advantages and disadvantages, depending on your specific needs and circumstances. Here are the pros and cons of using HSTPs:

HSTP Pros:

Environmental Benefits:
- Water Recycling: HSTPs treat wastewater onsite, which can be used for irrigation, reducing the demand on local water sources.
- Reduced Pollution: Properly functioning HSTPs prevent the contamination of nearby groundwater and surface water bodies, contributing to environmental conservation.
Independence:
- No Connection Costs: You don’t need to pay for connecting to a centralised sewer system, which can be expensive.
- Location Flexibility: HSTPs are suitable for rural or remote areas where centralised systems are not feasible.
Cost Savings:
- Lower Water Bills: By recycling treated wastewater for irrigation, you can reduce water consumption and save on water bills.
- Avoid Monthly Fees: You don’t have to pay ongoing fees to a sewer utility.
Reliability:
- Less Vulnerable: HSTPs are less susceptible to damage during natural disasters that might affect centralised sewer systems.

HSTP Cons:

Upfront Costs:
- Installation Costs: Setting up an HSTP can be expensive, including the cost of tanks, pipes, irrigation and treatment equipment.
- Maintenance Costs: Routine maintenance and occasional repairs can add to the long-term cost.
Ongoing Maintenance:
- Regular Servicing: HSTPs require routine maintenance, including inspections, pumping, and cleaning to ensure proper function.
- Environmental Risks: Inadequate maintenance can lead to system failures and environmental contamination.
Regulations and Permits:
- Varied Regulations: Local regulations and permits can be complex, with different requirements for HSTPs depending on your location.
- Compliance Challenges: Meeting and maintaining compliance can be a challenge.
Limited Capacity:
- Sizing: The capacity of an HSTP is typically designed for a specific number of occupants and may not be easily expandable.
Effluent Quality:
- Variable Quality: The quality of effluent from HSTPs can vary. Some systems might not be suitable for water reuse.
Odor and Noise:
- Potential Odours: Some HSTPs can emit odours, especially if not adequately maintained.
- Noise: Aeration systems in certain HSTPs can generate noise.
Energy Use:
- Electricity Consumption: HSTPs with mechanical components, like pumps and aerators, can consume electricity.

The decision to install an HSTP should be made considering your specific location, local regulations, budget, and your commitment to regular maintenance. If properly designed, installed, and maintained, HSTPs can be environmentally friendly and cost-effective for managing wastewater in areas without access to centralised sewer systems.

Buying a HSTP

Before purchasing a Home Sewage Treatment Plant (HSTP) system, there are several important factors to consider to ensure you make the right choice for your property and needs. Here are some key considerations:

Regulations and Permits: Check local, state, and national regulations governing the use of HSTP systems. Ensure you have the necessary permits and approvals to install and operate such a system on your property.

We recommend reading: Septic Tank Regulations In NSW

Site Suitability: Assess your property to determine if it suits an HSTP. Factors like soil type, available space, and groundwater conditions can affect the system’s performance.
System Size: The size of the HSTP should match the wastewater generation of your household or facility. Consider the number of occupants, daily water usage, and peak flow rates when sizing the system.
Treatment Capacity: Evaluate the treatment capacity of the HSTP. It should be capable of treating your wastewater to meet local discharge or reuse standards.
Local Climate: Consider the local climate conditions. Extremely hot or cold climates may require additional insulation, heating, or cooling for the system to operate effectively.
Maintenance Requirements: Different HSTP systems have varying maintenance needs. Understand what is required for upkeep and whether you can manage these tasks or need professional servicing.
Energy Consumption: Determine the energy requirements of the system. Some HSTP systems are energy-efficient, while others may consume more power—factoring in ongoing operational costs.
Quality of Effluent: Assess the quality of the treated effluent. It should meet environmental standards for safe discharge or reuse, especially if you plan to use the effluent for irrigation.
System Brand and Model: Research reputable manufacturers and models. Choose a system with a good track record and consider factors like reliability, warranty, and availability of spare parts.
Local Service Providers: Ensure local professionals are available for system installation and maintenance. Prompt service is essential to keep the HSTP running smoothly.
Budget: Set a budget for the purchase, installation, and ongoing maintenance of the HSTP. Remember to factor in long-term operational costs.
Environmental Impact: Consider the environmental impact of your HSTP. The system should treat wastewater in an eco-friendly manner and prevent groundwater contamination.
Long-Term Plans: Think about your long-term plans for the property. If you intend to expand or make changes, consider how the HSTP will fit into your future plans.
Consult a Professional: It’s advisable to consult with a wastewater specialist or engineer who can assess your property and help you select the most suitable HSTP system.
Warranty and Support: Inquire about the manufacturer’s warranty and the availability of customer support in case of issues.
References: Ask for references from property owners who have installed similar HSTP systems to learn from their experiences.

Considerations When Choosing a Septic System

We highly recommend reading our Septic Tank Buying Guide, which covers all the primary considerations. Such as:

Set back distances from houses, structures, waters sources etc
Types of Septic Tanks and Systems
The average cost of a septic system
The process of getting a quote through to the installation

Speaking with an industry professional is an excellent idea to help you choose the best septic system tailored to your site.

Why are Garden Master HSTP good?

residential single tank AWTS Advanced STS

For over 30 years, we have provided reliable Home Sewage Treatment Plants, Septic Tanks, Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems (AWTS) and Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems (STS) for domestic and commercial installations.

Useful Reading: What Is An Advanced Secondary Treatment System?

The team at Garden Master are experts in the design, supply and installation of top-quality wastewater systems. Our residential septic systems and commercial wastewater management systems are approved by the NSW, VIC and ACT departments of health.

Our main HSTP is the Garden Master “Elite” Advanced Secondary Treatment System. The Garden Master “Elite” Advanced STS (Secondary Treatment System) is an Aerated Wastewater Treatment System and comes in a single concrete septic tank with 7100L capacity for domestic premises with up to 10 people or a dual tank option for commercial sites with a capacity of up to 20 people.

Our Septic Tanks are proudly Australian-made and manufactured at our factory to ensure that our exacting standards are being met.

The Garden Master advanced secondary treatment system (STS) has been designed to treat the effluent to achieve the best possible quality water before discharge back into the environment.

Garden Master has been an industry leader for over 30 years, manufacturing, supplying, and servicing quality wastewater treatment systems and septic tanks for thousands of clients across Australia.

Don’t hesitate to call us on 1800 632 582 with any questions!