Tips & Advice

Mosquitoes Breeding In Septic System

As floods and floodwaters are becoming more prevalent up and down Australia’s east coast, the mosquitoes’ buzz is becoming even louder.

Slow-moving and stagnant water gives mozzies an ideal breeding ground, and flood-affected communities feel the bite.

As floodwaters recede and stagnant pools dry up with the warm weather, this influx of mosquitoes will look for new breeding grounds. It might not seem likely, but septic tanks are the ideal location for mosquito infestations to start and quickly gain in number.

Septic tanks are protected from the elements and full of stagnant nutrient-rich sewage and sewage effluent that can produce vast numbers of mosquitoes. Female mosquitos only need a way in, and it doesn’t have to be that big for her to crawl through.

 

The mosquito breeding associated with sewage treatment is usually associated with inadequate design, operation and maintenance or faulty effluent disposal or dispersal methods. Mosquitoes can get inside broken or unsealed septic tanks and lay eggs. Thousands of mosquitoes emerge daily from inadequately kept septic tanks. 

 

These mosquitoes can spread viruses like Dengue fever, Ross River virus, Zika, Murray Valley encephalitis, Barmah Forest virus and Elephantiasis, which can cause serious illness. 

NSW health authorities are warning residents to brace for a “high risk” of Japanese encephalitis (JEV) infections in the summer of 2022/23 following months of wet weather. Experts predict a mosquito boom when the weather warms up, with residents being urged to vaccinate against JEV. The potentially fatal virus can cause headaches, convulsions and reduced consciousness.

 

MOSQUITO SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH SEWAGE 

 

Culex quinquefasciatus: ‘The Brown House Mosquito’

This species usually breeds in organically polluted water near human communities. It is frequently found breeding in high numbers in unsealed septic tanks and primary sewage ponds. However, it is sometimes found in organically overloaded secondary sewage ponds. This is a very significant pest species wherever favourable breeding sites exist. The females rarely travel more than 2 km from their breeding sites.

Culex annulirostris: ‘The Common Banded Mosquito’

Culex annulirostris is one of the most common mosquitoes in Australia. The most prolific artificial breeding places are secondary sewage treatment, evaporation ponds, and sewage pond effluent. The larvae are most frequently found in calm, sheltered areas where vegetation offers protection from disruptive wave action and aquatic predators. The females of this species can disperse up to 10 kilometres from the breeding site. However, the highest concentrations are usually found within 3 – 4 km of significant breeding sites.

Anopheles annulipes s.l.: ‘The Common Australian Anopheline’

This species usually breeds in open, sunlit, temporary and permanent freshwater ground pools, streams or swamps. The females can disperse up to 2 km from their breeding places. It is not found in septic tanks and rarely in sewage treatment ponds. Still, it can frequently be found in sites of disposal of sewage effluent, mainly where the effluent flows into shallow, grassed areas.

 

A sudden swarm on your property means that the mosquitoes have found a healthy place to breed, and you’ll want to get to the bottom of it quickly.

 

On a positive note, mosquitoes and their health risks can be mitigated while planning your septic system. However, suppose your system is already in operation. In that case, you may need to inspect and repair your septic tank to keep mosquitoes out.

 

How to prevent mosquitoes from reproducing in your septic tank:

  • Check for cracks in septic tank lids and seal or replace them to ensure a tight fit.
  • Be sure that plastic covers are fastened and adequately secured, and sealed.
  • Repair cracks or gaps in the exterior walls of the septic tank using cement or expanding foam used for home insulation projects. 
  • Cover vent or plumbing pipe openings using a mesh with holes smaller than a mosquito (fine mesh that is 1/16th of an inch). Mould the screen into a cylinder for vent pipes under or near trees so leaves and debris slide off. 
  • Fill abandoned or unused septic tanks with dirt or gravel.

 

To prevent mosquitos from multiplying in your septic tank, you should inspect it regularly and repair any damage if discovered. We recommend you work with a licensed septic tank installer and check local regulations before repairing a septic tank on your own. 

 

Garden Master provides environmentally friendly Septic Solutions for domestic and commercial properties across NSW, ACT and Victoria.

Garden Master offers nothing but the highest quality residential septic tanks, secondary treatment systems (STS), and commercial-grade wastewater treatment systems. We have septic treatment systems suitable for domestic homes and cabins through to commercial industries. We pride ourselves on customer service, meaning you won’t just get a one-size-fits-all approach with us but rather a tailored solution to suit your exact wastewater needs. With over 30 years of experience, you can rely on Garden Master to provide you with the best available wastewater treatment products and services.

 

If you’re unsure what septic system would suit your property, check out our article Septic Tank Buying Guide or simply get in touch for some friendly advice.

 

SOURCES:

https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mosquito-borne-diseases

 

Tips & Advice

What Is Subsurface Irrigation?

When your house or property is not connected to a council/municipal sewer, on-site wastewater systems like Septic Tanks or Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems are often installed to treat the sewage and blackwater generated.

The latter and most popular of the two options (Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems or AWTS) receives all wastewater from the premises, including the kitchen, toilet, shower and laundry, and quietly and efficiently recycles all your household wastewater into clean, clear and odourless water suitable for irrigation on your garden and lawns via sub-surface irrigation. 

Subsurface irrigation is the best method of disposal of the cleaned and disinfected wastewater for most local governing authorities. The considerable benefit of subsurface irrigation is that there is no contact with the treated effluent for humans, pets or livestock.

It works by the AWTS being connected to the sub-surface irrigation, allowing the secondary/aerated treated effluent to be dispersed via multiple polyethylene drip lines, covering a targeted area (often called a leach field). Subsurface irrigation evenly disperses the treated effluent underground (after disinfection by an Advanced Secondary Treatment System) straight to the biologically active layer of the soil. The soil consumes residual bacteria or organic matter, and vegetation such as grass will absorb the nutrients. 

Sub-Surface Irrigation Being Installed:

 

The sub-surface poly drip lines are buried in a grid between 100mm – 150mm below the ground, where inserted emitters disperse the wastewater evenly through the irrigation network.

 

The constant dispersal of the water means there is no run-off or pooling on the top of the leach field, reducing human contact and contamination of waterways.

When considering sub-surface irrigation as part of your wastewater solution, you will need to consider your soil type, site conditions, size of the leach field and the intended application of the area. The grass of the leach field should be maintained short to allow good airflow and for the sunlight to dry excess dampness. 

Planting on septic drain fields and around your septic system and leach field is not only permissible but advisable. Plants will prevent erosion and suck up some of the excess moisture from the drain field. At the very least, grow a Tall Fescue grass or Kentucky Bluegrass. Tall Fescue and Kentucky Bluegrass are often mixed and can handle high water levels.

 

Read our full article: What Plants Can You Plant Around A Septic System?

 

Large areas (over 250 to 300 linear metres of drip line) are usually split into equal-sized zones. The zones are controlled automatically through your AWTS system using a water indexing valve that spreads the treated wastewater to a different zone every time the pump operates.

 

The Dangers Of Poor Irrigation

A good irrigation system is necessary on any property.

Whether you’re building a new home or figuring out ways to save water and alleviate water damage, it’s important to know just how significant the impact of poor irrigation can be on your home. All homeowners should consider installing an excellent quality irrigation system.

Below are some of the ramifications of having poor irrigation:

Damage to the Surrounding Concrete and Footpaths

Uncontrolled water from poor irrigation can eventually gather underneath or on top of concrete, causing it to become both aesthetically and structurally damaged. Paths in your garden, driveways, and even footpaths surrounding your home are at risk if subjected to continuous water build-up.

Higher Risk of Erosion

Excess water in your garden can cause topsoil runoff into surrounding drains. Not only does this significantly impact the environment, but it also means the root system of your lawn and plants is more likely to sustain damage due to losing the nutrients and protection that topsoil gives them.

Wood Rot and Termites

Poor irrigation may result in rotting wood around your property or home. Termites absolutely love rotting, moist wood so if you’ve got irrigation leaks around wood, you need to think fast and resolve the problem before it causes major structural damage.

Increase in Pests

It’s not just termites that might invade your property if you have poor irrigation. There’s also the chance that you’ll have an increase in spiders and rodents on your property due to the increased moisture.

Dryness

Contrary to all of the above, if you have an irrigation system that isn’t leaking but is not releasing enough or any water, then you are basically running with no irrigation at all. This can leave your property dry, kill plants and trees in your garden, and damage your lawn.

 

Garden Master provides environmentally friendly Septic Solutions and Subsurface Irrigation services for domestic and commercial properties across NSW, ACT and Victoria.

Garden Master offers only the highest quality residential septic tanks, secondary treatment systems (STS), and commercial-grade wastewater treatment systems. We have septic treatment systems with subsurface irrigation suitable for domestic homes, cabins, and commercial industries. We pride ourselves on customer service, meaning you won’t just get a one-size-fits-all approach with us but rather a tailored solution to suit your exact wastewater needs. With over 30 years of experience, you can rely on Garden Master to provide the best wastewater treatment products and services.

If you’re unsure what septic system would suit your property, check out our article, Septic Tank Buying Guide or get in touch for some friendly advice.

 

Tips & Advice

What Plants Can You Plant Around A Septic System?

There are many reasons to plant on your leach field. 

Plants can help your septic leach field function optimally by removing excess moisture and nutrients from the soil. Additionally, plant cover is essential to reduce soil erosion. At a minimum, the leach field should be turfed to provide these important benefits. Read our planting on Septic Drain Field advice below!

The tricky part, certain trees and shrubs can cause damage from their aggressive roots. In this article, you will learn which plants are the best and worst to grow over a septic system and drain field.

 

Septic Safe Plants

Planting on septic drain fields and around your septic system and leach field is not only permissible but advisable. Plants will prevent erosion and suck up some of the excess moisture from the drain field.

At the very least, grow a Tall Fescue grass or Kentucky Bluegrass, Tall Fescue and Kentucky Bluegrass are often mixed together and can both handle high water levels.

GRASSES

Botanical Name 

Carex spp
Juncea
Lomandra
Microlaena stipoides
Oplismenus imbecillis
Poa lab
Stipa spp.

Plant Size

Small grass/ground cover
Small grass/ground cover
Small grass/ground cover
Small grass/ground cover
Small grass/ground cover
Small grass/ground cover
Small grass/ground cover

Lomandra

Image: Lomandra Grass, courtesy of Flower Power Garden Centres

Plants Avoid Near Your Septic System

 

FAST-GROWING SHRUBS

Typically you should avoid planting on septic drain fields large, fast-growing trees. In addition, water-hungry shrubs and trees that aggressively seek out water sources can be some of the worst plants to plant as they will put your pipes in your septic tank drain field at risk.

LARGE TREES

If you plant a tree that can grow up to 5m, you can expect its roots to grow out to a distance of 5m from the tree’s base. The roots will always grow towards the water in your septic system and are strong enough to cause severe damage to your tank and pipes.

VEGE PATCHES OR HERB GARDENS

Do not grow vegetables, fruit trees, herbs or anything you intend to eat within 5m of your wastewater system. 

 

The plants that are being watered by your irrigation system must tolerate high amounts of water and nutrients. Seek advice from a horticulturalist or landscape gardener when choosing plants for your irrigation area.

GROUND COVER & CLIMBERS

Botanical Name 

Hibbertia procumbens
Hibbertia scandens
Hibbertia stellaris
Kennedia rubicunda
Scaevola albida
Scaevola ramosissima
Veronica plebeia
Viola hederacea

Plant Size

Climbing and spreading ground cover
Climbing and spreading ground cover
Climbing and spreading ground cover
Climbing and spreading ground cover
Climbing and spreading ground cover
Climbing and spreading ground cover
Climbing and spreading ground cover
Climbing and spreading ground cover

Viola hederacea

Image: Viola Hederacea, courtesy of Australian Plants Online

SEDGES, GRASSES & SMALL PLANTS 

Botanical Name 

Baumea acuta
Baumea articulata
Baumea juncea
Baumea nuda
Baumea rubiginosa
Baumea teretifolia
Brachyscome spp
Carex spp
Cotula
Crinum pedunculatum
Cyperus gymnocaulos
Dianella caerulea
Ferns
Gahnia spp
Juncus australis
Juncus spp
Lomandra spp
Patersonia fragilis
Patersonia glabrata
Patersonia occidentalis
Restio australis
Restio tetraphyllus
Sowerbaea juncea
Tetratheca juncea
Xyris operculata

Common Name

Sedge
Sedge
Sedge
Sedge
Sedge
Sedge

Sedge
Low plant

Sedge
Grass-like

Tall grass-like sedge
Sedge
Sedge
Grass-like

 

Sedge
Sedge

 

Grass-like

Dianella caerulea

Image: Dianella Caerulea, courtesy of Hello Hello Plants & Garden Supplies

SHRUBS

Botanical Name 

Bauera ruboides
Callistemon citrinus
Callistemon sieberi
Callistemon subulatus
Goodenia ovata
Kunzea capitata
Leptospermum flavescens
Leptospermum juniperinum
Leptospermum lanigerum
Leptospermum squarrosum
Melaleuca decussata
Melaleuca squamea
Melaleuca thymifolia
Pomaderris spp.

Plant Size 

0.5-1.5 m
1 m
1-2 m
1-2 m
1-1.5 m
1-2 m
< 2 m
1 m
1-2 m
< 2 m
1-2 m
1-2 m

Approx. 2 m

Melaleuca decussata

Image: Melaleuca Decussata, courtesy of Wildtech Plants

TREES

Botanical Name 

Abelia grandiflora
Acacia elongata
Acacia floribunda
Agonis flexuosa
Allocasuarina diminuta
Allocasuarina paludosa
Angophora floribunda
Angophora subvelutina
Baeckea linifolia
Baeckea virgata
Callicoma serratifolia
Callistemon linearis
Callistemon pallidus
Callistemon paludosus
Callistemon salignus
Callistemon viminalis
Casuarina cunninghamiana
Casuarina glauca
Elaeocarpus reticulatis
Eucalyptus amplifolia
Eucalyptus botryoides (coastal areas)
Eucalyptus camaldulensis (west of
ranges)
Eucalyptus cosmophylla
Eucalyptus crenulata
Eucalyptus deanei
Eucalyptus elata
Eucalyptus globulus (coastal)
Eucalyptus grandis
Eucalyptus longofolia
Eucalyptus pilularis
Eucalyptus punctata
Eucalyptus robusta
Eucalyptus saligna (coastal)
Eucalyptus tereticornis
Eucalyptus viminalis (ranges)
Eugenia smithii
Hymenosporum flavuum
Melaleuca armillaris
Melaleuca ericifolia
Melaleuca halmaturorum
Melaleuca hypericifolia
Melaleuca linariifolia
Melaleuca nesophila
Melaleuca quinquenervia
Melaleuca squarrosa
Melaleuca stypheloides
Melia azedarach
Pittosporum spp
Pultenaea daphnoides
Syzgium paniculatum
Tristania laurina
Viminaria juncea

Plant Size 

2-3 m
> 2 m
2-4 m
5-6 m
1.5 m
0.5-2 m
Large tree
Large tree
< 4m
< 4m
< 4m
> 2 m
> 2 m
> 2 m
3-6 m
3-6 m
10-20 m
6-12 m
Large tree
Large tree
Large tree
15-20 m

5-6 m
Large tree
Large tree
Large tree
Large tree
10-20 m
20 m
Large tree
Large tree
Large tree
Large tree
Large tree
Large tree
Large tree
3-6 m
3-4 m
6 m
4 m
2-3 m
< 10 m
2-4 m
5-7 m
6 m
6-15 m
15-20 m
2-3 m

8-10 m
3-5 m
2-3 m

Eucalyptus grandis

Image: Eucalyptus Grandis, courtesy of GardensOnline

Garden Master has been an industry leader for over 30 years, manufacturing, supplying and servicing quality wastewater treatment systems and septic tanks for thousands of clients across Australia.

Don’t hesitate to call us on 1800 632 582 with any questions!

 

Resources:

NSW Department of Local Government. 2000. The Easy Septic Guide. Developed by Social Change Media for the New South Wales Department of Local Government.

 

Related Articles

Product Reviews Tips & Advice

What Is An Advanced Secondary Treatment System?

There is a vast array of wastewater treatment systems by various manufacturers throughout Australia, making you feel overwhelmed when buying a wastewater system.

Each brand and system type are all varied to a degree, but all have the same desired outcome of treating your wastewater and returning it to the natural environment safely.

This particular article will look at the differences between Primary Wastewater and Secondary Wastewater Treatment Systems.

Primary Wastewater Treatment Systems

A “primary” system is essentially a traditional septic tank and absorption trench with no additional systems. The effluent and wastewater flows from the premises into the Septic Tank for treatment and then to the absorption trenches using gravity (a pump is used when gravity is unachievable). 

Septic tanks turn wastewater into an effluent that must be disinfected via UV exposure, sand filters, wetlands, or leached back into the ground via irrigation or sprinklers. 

The absorption trenches are underground, so the effluent doesn’t come into contact with humans and animals because the quality of the effluent is generally poor. Turf or other suitable plants are planted on top of the trenches to absorb nutrients and remove excess water through evapotranspiration. 

 

healthy septic tank

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note, Septic tanks do not kill pathogenic bacteria, viruses or parasites.

You should take extreme caution with effluent coming into contact with people, food, clothing and pets.

Septic tanks (Primary Waste Treatment Systems), absorption trenches, or leach field style systems are Australia’s most common septic systems.  Primary Waste Treatment Systems tend to be a cost-effective option with low installation and ongoing maintenance costs. 

Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems

Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems (STS) and Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems (AWTS) treat the wastewater from your home to a much higher quality than a Primary system. 

For example, our Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems receives all wastewater from the premises, including the kitchen, toilet, shower and laundry, and quietly and efficiently recycles all the household wastewater into clean, clear and odourless water suitable for irrigation on your garden and lawns. 

double awts septic system

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

How Does Advanced STS Work?

The influent enters the Primary chamber, where scum and solids are separated from the raw influent. Primary treated effluent flows through to the aeration tank. The Primary tank will also be a storage chamber for sludge returned via the Clarification Chamber.  

Once the effluent enters the Secondary chamber, air is introduced via an air blower to create an environment for aerobic bacteria and other helpful organisms to consume the organic matter present. The aeration tank (Secondary treatment tank) is designed to help prevent short-circuiting of the wastewater to ensure extended aeration. Media is also present in the tank to support the growth of bacteria.

The Clarification chamber is essentially a quiescent zone where suspended particles/solids are settled out of the water. These particles are returned to either the primary or secondary chambers via a sludge return which aids in further biological reduction, de-nitrification and providing a constant food supply rich in microbes supporting the system through periods of limited flows.

And lastly, disinfection is achieved via low doses of chlorine to kill off any remaining harmful organisms, which is performed through an automatic chlorinator.

garden master AWTSFor these reasons, Advanced STS and AWTS are fast becoming the most popular choice for residential septic systems and commercial wastewater systems used throughout Australia. Garden Master septic systems are Advanced STS and the systems we recommend.

 

If you’re unsure what septic system would suit your property, check out our article Septic Tank Buying Guide or simply get in touch for some friendly advice.

Tips & Advice

Septic System Maintenance Guide

Your septic tank is a living ecosystem where bacteria digest waste.

Like any live system, it can become sick if flooded, poisoned with chemicals, or not looked after.

Use this septic system maintenance guide to keep your wastewater system in tip-top shape. Alternatively, if you’re after someone to service your AWTS, STS, Absorption Trench or Septic Tank we are experts at repairs and maintenance of these wastewater systems. We service Newcastle, Maitland, Hunter Valley, Central Coast and Sydney.

Ok assuming you want to do it yourself, first of all, you’ll want to ensure that your septic is healthy. Your septic may need attention if any of these conditions occur;

SEPTIC HEALTH CHECKLIST:
  • The air around it smells – usually like rotten egg gas.
  • The ground is damp or soggy, or pools form downhill.
  • There’s lots of dark green grass growing on or around the absorption area.
  • The toilet or drains are slow to clear or keep backing up.
  • Many weeds are growing downhill from the absorption area, in nearby drainage channels or on the banks of a nearby waterway.
  • The septic tank has not been checked for over 12 months.
  • The septic tank has not been pumped out (de-sludged) in the past 3-5 years (this is the most common cause of problems – get it pumped!).

If any of these factors apply, you should act quickly so that the damage and the cost of repair do not worsen.

 

The DO-IT-YOURSELF ONCE-A-YEAR 20-minute Septic Checkup

1.) Carefully open the inspection cover – you may need a heavy screwdriver – and then stand clear for a while. Keep naked flames well away. Check the fluid level near the outlet; use a torch if necessary. Fluid should be no higher than the outlet pipe at the wall of the tank (there should only be floating ‘scum’ above this level – see the septic tank diagram in our blog Septic Tank Buying Guide). Warning – Wear protective gloves and wash hands.

2.) If you have an effluent filter, check it is working. 

Action: If it’s clogged – rinse it clean with a hose, so the drainage goes back into the septic tank. If it doesn’t clean up, replace the filter cartridge. Warning – Wear protective gloves and wash hands. 

3.) If you have absorption trenches, check the area carefully. It should not be soggy, should not smell and should not have prolific grass growth. Grass should be kept well mown and clippings removed. 

Action: If it’s soggy, smells or is overgrown with dense grass, there may be too much water flowing into your septic, or the trenches may be exhausted. You should call a plumber or septic system specialist. 

4.) Check all drains and toilets in the house are working properly. 

Action: If drains and toilets are slow to empty, the pipes may be blocked, the septic system may be full, or the trenches may be clogged or exhausted. You should call a plumber or septic system specialist. 

If you are unsure, it’s best to consult a wastewater maintenance specialist.

COMMON CAUSES OF SEPTIC SYSTEM PROBLEMS

Tank too full

 

 

 

If you have a septic tank and absorption trench, the level in the tank should not be higher than the outlet. If you have a pump-out system, the tank should be no more than 2/3 full.

Solution: See next section, Pumping out.

 

Too much sludge and scum in the tank 

Septic tanks work by retaining solid scum and sludge and letting liquid effluent flow out to the trenches. The solids don’t move out of the tank. They just stay behind and build up. Suppose you don’t have the tank pumped out (de-sludged) regularly. In that case, it will eventually fail, and untreated wastewater with heavy solids contamination will flow out of the tank, clogging pipes and the absorption trenches. It would be best if you had your tank pumped every 3 to 5 years. 

Solution: See next section, De-sludging. 

 

Too much water going into the system 

This causes the effluent to flow too quickly through the tank before the bacteria have a chance to work. As a result, solids can be pushed through the system, polluting the holding tank or clogging the absorption trenches. 

Solution: Use less water. Homes on tank water are already used to conserving water, but in homes connected to reticulated water, there is much more temptation to overuse water. See How to maintain a healthy system for tips on reducing water use. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Toxic chemicals going into the system 

Chemicals like solvents, oils, paints, disinfectants, pesticides, household cleaning products and bleaches can kill the helpful bacteria in your septic system. This may ‘kill’ the system and stop it from digesting effluent. 

Solution: Switch to natural cleaners if possible, and use smaller amounts. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SHOPPING TIP – use low-phosphorus detergents 

Changing washing powders can make a difference to the amount of phosphorus entering rivers from on-site systems. Using phosphorus-free detergents can mean less phosphorus in the waterways, which means less risk of fish kills and toxic algal blooms. Septic systems don’t work well if too much phosphorus is going into the system. Always look for low-phosphorus or phosphorus-free detergents. 

IF YOU HAVE A PUMP-OUT SYSTEM

Pumping out (about every two weeks)

If your system is smelly or the toilet is backing up, this is often a sign that the tank is overdue for a pump-out. Generally speaking, the tank needs pumping if it is more than two-thirds full of liquid effluent. You can check how full it is by using a torch.

Generally, a pump-out septic system in full-time use should be:

• Pumped out every 1-2 weeks (depending on the number of people)
• Inspected every 1-2 years.

How often you pump out depends on how large the tank is and how many people use the system. Check with your council for guidelines. You can check how full the tank is by lifting the inspection port or lid on top of the tank. All pump-out systems should be fitted with a dipstick (copper pipe with a “+” on the end) in the collection well. The dipstick should be marked with a “full” level marking that says it’s ready for a pump-out.

IF YOU HAVE ABSORPTION TRENCHES

De-sludging (every 3 to 5 years)

You need to have sludge and grease removed from your septic tank regularly. Septic tanks need ‘de-sludging every 3-5 years; otherwise, these solids build up and reduce the working volume. When this happens, the wastewater has less time to settle and solids flow into the absorption trench and clog it up, drastically shortening the trench’s life and requiring costly repairs.

Newly pumped-out septic tanks should be filled with clean water and a handful of lime to reduce odours and encourage helpful bacteria. The other place to check if your septic system isn’t working correctly is around the absorption trench. The absorption trench is where the effluent flows after it leaves the tank. An archway or perforated pipe is laid in a gravel trench and covered with soil. Effluent seeps through the archway or pipe and is absorbed by the soil. Soil processes further treat the effluent, reducing pollutants and pathogens.

Don’t wait until the trench starts to fail before having your tank pumped. With septic systems, an ounce of prevention is worth a ton of cure!

Clogged trenches are a common cause of septic system problems. Trenches fail when they get blocked, and effluent is unable to evaporate or drain away.

You can tell if the trench has failed because the area will be soggy, smelly and covered with dense grass.

Absorption trenches should last for 15-25 years, but if they are not well built and maintained correctly, the trench life can be reduced to as little as two years.

How to keep your absorption trench working well

What can you do to fix a failed trench? It’s best to contact your council or consult a septic system specialist (find them in the Yellow Pages).

In the meantime, there are some simple DOs and DON’Ts to help keep your absorption trench working well.

Trench DOs

  • Do proper soil tests to determine the type of absorption system to use and how large it should be.
  • Plant small trees or shrubs down-slope and away from your trench system to help absorb effluent. Use water-loving and shallow-rooted plants, such as tropical palms, banana palms, poplars, paperbark trees and wetland plants.
  • Consider installing a dual trench system to rest trenches and soil areas alternately. They will perform better and last much longer. Dual disposal areas should be swapped over every 12 months or so.
  • Build a small earth bund wall (a small ridge) about 15 cm high that is longer than and uphill from the trench area to divert surface runoff water around it, reducing the load on your trench in wet weather.

 

This is a well-maintained absorption area.

Trench DON’Ts

  • Do not drive over or disturb the stormwater diversion contour mounds.
  • Do not build structures on the absorption trench or plant trees that will shade it. The area should be in full sun to help plant growth, evaporation and pathogen breakdown. Small trees should be planted at least 5m away, and large trees should be over 20m away; if not, the roots will harm the trench.
  • Do not flood the disposal area with sprinklers or hoses.
  • Do not drive cars on the trench area or graze animals there. Any heavy movement may break the pipework or the dome cover and will compress the soil. A small fence will let visitors know which areas to avoid.
  • Do not cover the absorption trench area with concrete, pavers, etc.
  • Do not store loads of soil or other materials on your absorption trench area.
  • Do not place extra topsoil on top of your trench to ‘soak up’ overflowing effluent. If the trench area is soggy or water is pooling over the trench, it’s best to call a plumber and have it checked.
  • Do not let children play in the absorption trench area.

 

Don’t treat your absorption area like this.

Effluent irrigation systems: Do’s

Irrigation systems are susceptible to blockage and require regular maintenance service. Ideally, small effluent irrigation systems should use fixed distribution lines buried to a depth of 100mm or more with high-quality drip emitters.

Septic specialists should be employed to design and install an effluent irrigation system. If you move into a house with an irrigation system, get expert advice on maintenance.

The plants that are being watered by your subsurface irrigation system must tolerate high amounts of water and nutrients. Seek advice from a horticulturalist or landscape gardener when choosing plants for your irrigation area. The effluent irrigation area should be clearly signposted to alert visitors that recycled effluent is being discharged. The area should be protected by a low (15cm) bund wall all around to minimise surface water run-on and run-off. Check out our article on What Plants Can You Plant Around A Septic System for more info.

 

Read the Do’s and Don’ts for absorption trench areas – most apply to irrigation.

Stay safe!

Don’t attempt to repair a septic system yourself – get an experienced septic maintenance contractor.

If you are checking your septic system, REMEMBER:

  • Sewage contains germs that can cause disease.
  • Septic tanks contain toxic and explosive gases.
  • Never enter a septic tank and avoid breathing fumes.
  • Never smoke or use naked flames near an open septic tank.
  • Be sure the area is well ventilated; allow some time for gases to clear.
  • Be sure someone is watching you and can call for assistance if necessary.
  • Switch off the power – electrical controls are a shock and spark hazard.
  • When done, secure the septic tank lid so that children cannot open it.

To help maintain the health of your septic system, it’s an excellent idea to speak with an industry professional.  

 

Garden Master has been recognised as an industry leader for over 30 years, manufacturing, supplying and servicing quality wastewater treatment systems and septic tanks for thousands of clients across Australia.

Don’t hesitate to call us on 1800 632 582 with any questions!

 

Resources:

NSW Department of Local Government. 2000. The Easy Septic Guide. Developed by Social Change Media for the New South Wales Department of Local Government.

Tips & Advice

Septic Tank Buying Guide

What do I need to know before buying a septic system?

Do your homework before investing.

Your first step should be to obtain some advice and investigate what option will best suit your land before you invest!  

If you’re buying land for a new home, before you buy, check into local regulations. Your local council or local land-use consultant should be able to advise you. Many councils use a three-class risk classification scheme (high risk, medium risk and low). Council should inform you what area you fall into, what kind of septic systems are allowed, and whether you must have septic tank filters or septic tank drain fields.

When planning your septic system, you will want to factor in how close your tank and irrigation area is to your neighbouring properties.

Unfortunately, these things do happen from time to time as a result of irregular servicing or faulty tanks (not ours of course!).

For basic leaks, it is actually unlikely that you will notice them as this will occur under the ground. However, blockages and other complications will have much more noticeable signs that will give you a pretty clear indication it is time to get a service, a pump-out, or even have your septic tank replaced.

You will want your septic tank system to be:

  • 15m away from the house, outdoor play areas and BBQ
  • 50m minimum away from water bore (250m away if used as a water supply)
  • 12m uphill or 6m downhill from other properties
  • 100m from streams

 

 

 

Groundwater is easily contaminated. Ensure your septic system is located at a safe distance from wells, bores, creeks, lakes and houses. 

Note: Water polluters in NSW can face hefty clean-up notices and fines. Penalties can be up to $120,000 for individuals and $250,000 for corporations for pollution offences under New South Wales law. 

 

What types of Septic Tanks and Systems are available?

Septic tanks, absorption trenches or leach field style systems are the most common type of septic system used in Australia.

Note, Septic tanks do not kill pathogenic bacteria, viruses or parasites!

Septic tanks turn wastewater into effluent that must be disinfected via UV exposure, sand filters, wetlands, or leached back into the ground via irrigation or sprinklers. You should take extreme caution with effluent coming into contact with people, food, clothing and pets.

The contents of a healthy septic tank should form 3 layers:

  • A layer of fats (called scum) floats to the surface, helping to prevent odours from escaping and stopping air from entering
  • A clear layer (called effluent), after treatment, flows out the outlet pipe as new wastewater enters.
  • A layer of solids (called sludge or bio-solids) sinks to the bottom and needs to be pumped out periodically.

 

healthy septic tank

 

When choosing a septic system, the most important thing to consider is where it will be used, how it will be used and who will use it. For example, a septic system in a weekend holiday home will get far less use than a septic system in a large, permanently occupied family home. 

The system chosen will largely depend on the suitability of your site for effluent absorption, how many people will live in the home, what area of land is available, what kind of lifestyle the family lives in, and what heavy water-use appliances are in the house. 

You should factor in soil type, salt content, local rainfall, and the water table’s depth.

 

With all that said, here are your typical options:

 

SAND FILTER SEPTIC SYSTEMS

After the wastewater is turned into effluent in your septic tank, it passes through a sand filter unit before being discharged into your absorption trench. A sand filter is usually a sealed unit about 9 meters long, often with turf growing on the top surface.

Sand filters capture suspended solids and provide an aerobic environment that encourages friendly bacteria that digest waste and reduce pollution. 

Sand filter septic system
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION BEDS

These systems are rare, used where soil conditions are less suitable for absorption trenches and where evaporation and transpiration rates normally exceed rainfall.  

After the wastewater is turned into effluent in your septic tank, it passes through perforated pipes into a line gravel bed covered with turf. The water is removed by evaporation and transpiration through the grasses.

Evapotranspiration beds
WETLAND TREATMENT SYSTEMS

Reed beds and wetland treatment systems tend to be used in larger industrial-sized sewage treatment plants and not often (if at all) in a domestic application.

Like the other methods, after the wastewater is turned into effluent in your septic tank, it flows out into a lined wetland where reed, aquatic flora, and fauna remove the nutrients before being dispersed into the absorption trenches or leach field.

wetland treatment systems
ADVANCED SECONDARY TREATMENT SYSTEMS (STS) & AERATED WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS (AWTS)

AWTS and Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems (STS) are fast becoming the most popular choice of septic systems used throughout New South Wales, ACT and Victoria. Garden Master septic systems are Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems and are the ones we often recommend.

Our Advanced STS systems can come in a two-tank or single large tank option. Per the other systems, wastewater is collected in a holding septic tank (or section within the single tank option) where solids settle, and anaerobic digestion occurs. The effluent is then moved on to the Aeration tank or section in the single tank option. In the second aeration tank/section, oxygen is bubbled through the effluent to encourage aerobic bacteria to digest the waste. Finally, the aerated effluent is disinfected using chlorine or ultra-violet light before being pumped to an irrigation area for disbursement. 

Fixed-line drip irrigation systems are usually the preferred method of disbursement, although, in rural areas, some councils also permit the use of low-throw spray irrigation on larger properties. Aerated septic systems may also be used to treat greywater to a standard suitable for garden watering of non-food plants. 

People using aerated septic systems must enter a regular maintenance contract for quarterly servicing, which the council may supervise. 

 

AWTS

 

Our Garden Master Elite Secondary Treatment System (STS) has been designed with a large capacity in mind. This will ensure safe and reliable operation even when doing multiple wash loads or when guests stay over.  The last things you want are embarrassing odours emanating from your septic tank.

You will not have to live your life around your wastewater treatment plant. You can have peace of mind knowing that your Garden Master STS is operating quietly and efficiently.

Garden Master Elite – One tank, one hole and one connection, it couldn’t be easier:

garden master AWTS

How much does a Septic System cost?

Septic tank and septic system prices vary depending on the type of system, the size of the home and the location. The average septic tank cost for a four-bedroom home is between $10,000 and $20,000, with a one-off fee for installation plus yearly running costs with desludging every three to five years.

When getting quotes on your system, don’t forget to ask for a cost estimate for maintenance and installation. Some septic tank systems require very little maintenance beyond regular pumping. Others, like AWTS, need you to enter a standard maintenance contract for quarterly servicing, which the council may supervise. 

 

What is the process of getting a quote through to installation?

Step 1. Consultation

Before installing your septic system can begin, you will need to establish what design will suit your needs and site. A professional will need to check the soil to ensure that the area is suitable and has enough drainage. They will also check the site for the best locations for the drain field.

Step Two: System Design

Based on your site’s soil composition, location, house size and intended use, a system will be designed based on the best type of septic system for your property. This plan will include the best drain field placement and septic tank placement. While creating this plan, the engineer will meet all local standards and council requirements to ensure that the system complies with all proper standards and regulations.

Step Three: Approval

Once the design is complete, it must be approved. The local health department and authorities must inspect the plans and ensure they meet all necessary standards and regulations. They will ensure the layout has been created correctly and that drainage and wastewater treatment will not lead to groundwater contamination. Once the plan has been approved, the local health department will issue a permit to discharge, allowing the installation to begin.

Step Four: Installation

Once the system design has been approved, and the council issues an ‘approval to operate a system of sewage management’, which sets out the basic rules you need to follow to keep the system working well, your septic services company can install your system. A licensed installer will install your system. 

Step Five: Operation and Use

After your system is installed, the installer will ensure everything is working correctly. Once the system is working correctly, your installer or another member of your septic services company will explain how your system works and provide you with essential instructions on caring for your new septic system. Before leaving you with your new system, your septic services company will ensure that you fully understand it and how to use it.

 

To help choose the best septic system for your needs tailored to your site, it’s an excellent idea to speak with an industry professional.  

 

Garden Master has been an industry leader for over 30 years, manufacturing, supplying and servicing quality wastewater treatment systems and septic tanks for thousands of clients across Australia. 

Don’t hesitate to call us on 1800 632 582 with any questions!

 

Resources:

NSW Department of Local Government. 2000. The Easy Septic Guide. Developed by Social Change Media for the New South Wales Department of Local Government.

 

Tips & Advice

Leaking From Your Septic Tank & What To Look For

Leaks from your septic tank can be hazardous, but with regular servicing, you would hope this wouldn’t occur.

Unfortunately, these things do happen from time to time as a result of irregular servicing or faulty tanks (not ours of course!).

For basic leaks, it is actually unlikely that you will notice them as they will occur under the ground. However, blockages and other complications will have much more noticeable signs that will give you a pretty clear indication it is time to get a service, a pump out, or even have your septic tank replaced.

Low Liquid Level

This is the most common indicator of a leak under the ground. It is likely that you wouldn’t notice this because you are continually adding liquid to the tank but this can be picked up when thoroughly inspecting the tank. You will be able to notice the liquid level is lower than normal, meaning it is escaping somewhere.

Liquid Flow Back or Pooling Water

If there is a blockage or your septic system is full, you may notice pooling water in the yard. When the tank reaches its capacity, solid waste can clog the pipes, which forces the liquid to the surface. This may look like you’ve had heavy rainfall and the grass is yet to absorb the water. If it does not absorb, it is likely liquid flow back.

Slow Drains

Slow-draining water that cannot be fixed using septic-safe drain cleaners or unblocking products may be the result of blocked pipes caused by a full tank. Keep an eye on your sinks, bathtub and toilet and pump out your tank if necessary.

Bad Smells

This is typically where you get a sense that something is wrong, even if you can’t see any visible signs. If there are unexplained, unpleasant smells persisting on your property, it’s worth contacting Garden Master to do a service and check for blockages.

Sewage Backup

In this situation, you would be at the critical point where it is time to call in expert help. This will happen in the lowest drains first, so if you have a basement and have noticed a bad smell, check there first. A sewage backup is messy and you should never try to clean it up yourself. Call for professional help immediately.

 

If you notice any of the above signs or simply feel as though there may be a leak or blockage, the best next step is to call Garden Master Waste Water Solutions. Septic Tank leaks can be unsafe and unsightly; it is always best to call in experts and resolve the situation as soon as possible to avoid further damage or complications.

Garden Master offers septic tank servicing and septic tank cleaning from the Hunter Valley and across the Greater NSW region as well as new septic tank and wastewater system installation throughout NSW, Victoria and ACT.  We’ve also completed commercial projects in the Arnhem Land, the Kimberleys and even Alaska in the USA!

 

For any enquiries about your existing septic system or to get a free quote on an installation, give us a call at 1800 632 582  or submit an enquiry online.

 

Tips & Advice

Septic System Do’s & Don’ts

How to Maintain Your Septic System: Dos, Don’ts & Why Chemical-Free Living Matters

Your septic system plays a vital, behind-the-scenes role in managing your household’s wastewater. Whether you’re on a rural property or in a semi-urban setting without access to a sewer system, keeping your septic tank healthy is crucial—not just for your home’s plumbing, but also for the surrounding environment.

However, many people unknowingly damage their septic systems by pouring harmful chemicals down the drain or ignoring simple maintenance routines. In this guide, we’ll explore the essential dos and don’ts for septic system care and explain why avoiding chemical cleaners is one of the smartest things you can do for your home and our planet.

Contents

  1. Understanding How Septic Systems Work

  2. Why Chemical-Free Living Supports Septic Health

  3. Septic System Dos – Best Practices to Follow

  4. Septic System Don’ts – Habits That Cause Harm

  5. Recognising Signs of Septic System Trouble

  6. Natural Alternatives for Cleaning & Maintenance

  7. How Garden Master Can Help

Understanding How Septic Systems Work

A septic system is a self-contained, on-site wastewater treatment system. It processes everything that goes down your sinks, showers, toilets, and laundry. Once waste enters the septic tank, solids settle to the bottom, oils float to the top, and liquid wastewater flows out to a drainage field where it filters through the soil.

For the system to work properly, naturally occurring bacteria are essential—they break down waste and help prevent blockages and odours. Harsh chemicals and poor household practices can kill off these bacteria, causing the system to fail over time.

Why Chemical-Free Living Supports Septic Health

Most commercial cleaning products contain harsh chemicals like bleach, ammonia, phosphates, and synthetic surfactants. These substances are toxic to the beneficial bacteria your septic system relies on.

Common Chemicals That Damage Septic Systems:
  • Chlorine – Found in numerous cleaning products, used for pools and dumped into many water supplies, studies suggest that chlorine exposure is linked with an increased risk of heart disease, allergic reactions and miscarriages, as well as increased rates of bladder, colon and rectal cancers.
  • Ammonia – Found in all-purpose cleaners, antibacterial cleaners, window cleaners and furniture polish. Ammonia can irritate eyes and lungs, cause burns or rashes, and, if mixed with chlorine products, it can cause deadly chloramine gas; exposure to which could be fatal.
  • Pesticides & Fertilisers – Many common pesticides used for gardening are known carcinogens, meaning they cause Cancer.
  • Cationic & Anionic Solutions – Found in laundry detergent and washing liquid, if accidentally ingested, they can cause nausea, vomiting, shock, convulsions or, most severely, coma.

These are some of the most common; however, this list doesn’t even scratch the surface. If you must buy consumer brand cleaning products, look for natural products and read the label to ensure ALL products are natural and not harmful to you or the environment.

Instead, choose biodegradable, septic-safe cleaning products, and minimise using all chemicals where possible.

Septic System Dos – Best Practices to Follow

To keep your system running smoothly:

Use septic-safe cleaners and detergents that are free from chlorine, bleach, and phosphates.

Pump your tank regularly (usually every 3–5 years, depending on household size and usage).

Fix leaking taps and toilets to avoid flooding the system.

Spread out laundry loads and heavy water use across the week to prevent overload.

Install water-efficient appliances and fittings to reduce water entering the system.

Keep trees and shrubs away from the drain field to avoid root damage.

Know your system’s layout and avoid driving or building over the septic tank or drain field.

Septic System Don’ts – Habits That Cause Harm

Bad habits can cause serious (and expensive) septic system issues. Avoid the following:

Flushing anything other than human waste and toilet paper. Avoid wipes, tissues, tampons, nappies, floss, and paper towels.

Pouring fats, oils or grease down the sink—they solidify and clog pipes.

Using the toilet or sink as a bin for food scraps, chemicals, or paint.

Running multiple appliances at once (e.g., shower, washing machine, and dishwasher) which can overload the system.

Neglecting inspections and maintenance, especially if you notice slow drainage or odours.

Using chemical drain cleaners – opt for a plunger or plumber’s snake instead.

Recognising Signs of Septic System Trouble

Early intervention can save you thousands in repairs. Be aware of:

  • Foul odours from drains, toilets, or near the tank or drain field.

  • Slow-draining sinks, showers, or toilets—a classic sign of a clog or overload.

  • Water pooling in your yard near the drain field—this may indicate overflow or failure.

  • Lush, bright green grass over your drainage field—it may be fertilised by leaking wastewater.

  • Gurgling sounds in your pipes or sewage backups.

If you notice any of these, contact a licensed septic service technician immediately.

Natural Alternatives for Cleaning & Maintenance

Want to clean your home safely and protect your septic system? The general rule should be, if you couldn’t safely eat it, don’t put it on your skin or your atmosphere. These chemicals cause significant damage over time to your body and to the environment, and flushing them into waterways kills plant life and harms animals, as well as you.

Just about everything can be cleaned with a few simple natural ingredients—mix these together, and you have an all-purpose cleaning solution.

Here are some simple swaps:

  • Vinegar and baking soda for cleaning drains and surfaces

  • Castile soap or eco-friendly dish soap for washing

  • Lemon juice and bicarb soda for freshening the kitchen

  • Hot water and a plunger instead of chemical drain cleaners

  • Borax or washing soda in place of bleach for whitening laundry

These options are not only septic-safe, but also better for your health and the environment.

safe products to use with a septic tank

How Garden Master Can Help

At Garden Master, we’re experts in environmentally responsible wastewater solutions. Our Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems (AWTS), Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems (STS) and Greywater Recycling Systems are designed with sustainability and efficiency in mind. We support households across NSW, Victoria, ACT, and beyond in managing their waste safely and sustainably.

We also provide:
  • Professional installation and servicing

  • Ongoing maintenance plans

  • Guidance on safe water use

  • Expert advice on reducing chemical impact

📞 Contact us on 1800 632 582 or submit a request via our online contact page for a free quote and consultation.

✅ Final Tip

Your septic system is only as good as the habits of the people using it. By being chemical-conscious and following best practices, you’ll extend the life of your system, save money, and help protect Australia’s waterways and environment.

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